Fluid sent to the torque converter from the transmission oil pump is picked up by the rotating vanes of the impeller and transferred to the turbine vanes through rotary and vortex flow paths.
The impeller, also known as the pump, is the driving member and rotates with the engine. The impeller vanes pick up fluid in the converter housing and direct it toward the turbine. Fluid flow drives the turbine, and when the flow between the impeller and turbine is adequate, the turbine rotates and turns the transmission input shaft. A torque converter contains the stator, or reactor, a reaction member mounted on a one-way clutch. The vanes used in each of the three elements of a torque converter are curved to increase the diversion angle of the fluid. This also increases the force exerted by the fluid and improves the hydraulic advantage.
The outlet side of the impeller vanes accelerates the fluid as it leaves the impeller to increase torque transfer to the turbine.
. The inlet side of the turbine vanes absorb shock and limit power loss that occurs when flow between the impeller and turbine suddenly changes. The curve of the stator vanes is opposite to the curve of the impeller and turbine vanes
. Since the stator is located between the impeller and turbine, it adds to the original impeller flow and multiplies the force delivered to the turbine.
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